| 孔 陆 泉.进一步完善农村土地制度改革的思考[J].南京邮电大学学报(社会科学版）,2014,(01):1~5 |
| 进一步完善农村土地制度改革的思考 |
| On the further reforms of the rural land system |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 新型城市化 农业现代化 土地所有制；土地市场；个人所有制 |
| 英文关键词:new urbanization agriculture modernization land ownership land market individual ownership |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 我国最成功的改革在农村，成功在于对土地集体所有制范围内农民个人所有权的确认，它是马克思重建个人所有制理想的实现:集体的所有权由联合起来的个人共同行使，体现为公有制；具体占有、使用或消费时，所有权平等地落实到集体中的每一个个人身上，体现为个人所有制。在推进农业现代化和新型城市化的进程中，随着生产力水平的提高，土地已变得不适宜分散经营，应当坚持土地公有制，同时将完整的土地所有权还给农民集体，建立城乡统一的土地市场，让农民分享土地增值收益。一切商业用地都不应改变土地的集体所有制性质，“土地财政”实际是对农民土地财产和稳定收益的掠夺，必须立即停止。要接受和认同马克思的个人所有制理论，坚持农村土地公共所有与个人所有的统一，确认农民个人真实的土地所有权，允许他们以抵押、出租或入股的方式，参与土地的规模经营或高效开发利用，以分享收益；坚持从实际出发，在尊重农民个人所有权的基础上严格执法，适时调整土地权属关系，最大限度发挥土地使用效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| China’s most successful reform lies in the rural area by recognizing farmers’ individual right within the scope of collective land ownership, which is the realization of Marxism’s reconstructing personal ownership ideals: the collective ownership is exercised jointly by the united individuals, which embodies public ownership; specific possession, use or consumption, is equally shared by every individual in the collection, which embodies private ownership. In the process of promoting agricultural modernization and urbanization, with the rise of the level of productivity, land has become unsuitable for decentralized management. While the public ownership of the land should be kept, the full collective land ownership should be returned to the farmer collection, and a unified land market should be established to allow farmers to share the land value added benefits. No commercial land should change the nature of collective land ownership, and “land finance” that is actually preying on farmers’ land property and stable income must be stopped immediately. It is suggested to acknowledge Marxism’s theory of individual ownership and adhere to the unity of the public and private ownerships of rural land. Farmers’ real individual land ownership should be confirmed, allowing them to take part in the large scale operation and high efficiency use of land for benefits by means of mortgage, lease or share taking. And while respecting farmers’ individual ownership, it is suggested to strictly enforce relevant laws and adjust land ownership when necessary for maximized efficiency of land use |
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