| 吉峰,孙田琳子,金约楠.政策工具视角下全球人工智能伦理治理的经验与启示
——基于中美欧政策的比较分析[J].南京邮电大学学报(社会科学版）,2026,(04):27~39 |
| 政策工具视角下全球人工智能伦理治理的经验与启示
——基于中美欧政策的比较分析 |
| The experience and enlightenment of global AI ethical governance from the perspective of policy instruments：A comparative analysis of policies in China，the United States and the European Union |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 人工智能 伦理治理 政策工具 技术生命周期 量化分析 治理体系 |
| 英文关键词:artificial intelligence ethical governance policy instruments technology life cycle quantitative analysis governance system |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金资助项目（24CKS060）；江苏省教育厅高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目（TJZ223034） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着人工智能伦理治理问题日益受到关注，全球范围内相关治理政策持续涌现。基于政策工具视角，选取 2019—2025年中国、美国及欧盟发布的 44份人工智能伦理政策文本，构建 “政策工具—技术生命周期 ”二维分析框架，进行量化比较分析。结果表明，中、美、欧三方的政策工具结构均呈现显著失衡：环境型工具过度饱和，需求型工具普遍短缺；在技术生命周期覆盖上亦存在明显偏重，中国侧重于研发与实验推广，美国聚焦于应用监管，欧盟则强调整体流程适配。研究进一步揭示，中国在政策协同、全周期治理以及 “工具—阶段 ”匹配等方面仍有较大提升空间。基于国际经验与中国现实，研究提出应构建 “供给—需求—环境”协同的政策工具体系，建立覆盖技术全生命周期的伦理治理闭环，制定更加精准的差异化实施路径，为我国人工智能伦理治理体系的构建与完善提供学理支撑与实践参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The issue of AI ethics governance has attracted increasing attention from various sectors of society in recent years. Against the backdrop of global technology governance strategies， relevant policy documents continue to emerge. From the perspective of policy instruments，this study selects 44 AI ethics policy texts issued by China，the United States，and the European Union between 2019 and 2025， constructing a two.dimensional analytical framework of "policy instruments.technology life cycle" to conduct a quantitative comparative analysis. The results reveal significant structural imbalances in policy instruments across all three parties， with an oversaturation of environmental instruments and a widespread shortage of demand.based instruments. There are also clear biases in technology life cycle coverage：China focuses more on the R&D and experimental promotion stages， the U.S. emphasizes application and regulation， while the EU highlights end.to.end process adaptation. The study further identifies considerable room for improvement in China's policy coordination， full.cycle governance， and "instrument.stage" alignment. Based on international experience and China's context，this study proposes building a synergistic policy instrument system integrating "supply.demand.environment，" establishing an ethics governance closed loop covering the entire technology life cycle，and formulating more precise differentiated implementation pathways，thereby providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the construction and refinement of China’s AI ethics governance system. |
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